What is circumstantial evidence?

Circumstantial evidence is characterized by its ability to suggest or imply a conclusion based on the presence of related facts rather than providing direct proof of a fact itself. This form of evidence does not establish a truth on its own but instead provides a basis for drawing inferences or conclusions. For example, if a witness sees someone running from a crime scene, the proximity of that individual to the event is circumstantial evidence which implies potential involvement, but it does not directly prove that the person committed the crime. The relationship between the evidence and the conclusion being drawn relies on logical reasoning.

The other types of evidence listed do not fulfill the criteria of circumstantial evidence. Observational evidence from a witness reflects direct testimony, and while it may support a case, it lacks the inferential aspect typical of circumstantial evidence. Evidence that directly proves a fact establishes certainty without inference, making it fundamentally different. Lastly, evidence based solely on opinion does not hold sufficient evidential value in legal contexts, as it lacks the foundation of proven facts that circumstantial evidence requires.