What is a formal charge of wrongdoing documented as in legal terms?

A formal charge of wrongdoing in legal terms is referred to as "Information." This is a document prepared by a prosecutor that formally charges an individual with a specific crime. It outlines the allegations and serves as a necessary step in the legal process for certain criminal cases, particularly those that are tried without a grand jury.

When the term "Information" is used, it signifies that the charges are being brought forward based on the evidence gathered by the prosecution, and it moves the case into the judicial system for further proceedings. This process allows the defendant to be formally notified of the charges against them, ensuring they have the opportunity to respond and prepare a defense.

In contrast, while an "Indictment" refers to a formal charge issued by a grand jury, it is not the same as "Information," which does not typically involve a grand jury process. An "Accusation" and a "Complaint" can also refer to claims of wrongdoing but lack the formal legal framework and implications associated with an "Information."