Under which circumstance is consent considered not obtained in cases of sexual assault?

Consent is considered not obtained in cases of sexual assault when force, threats, or fraud are involved. This is because consent must be given freely and willingly without any form of coercion or manipulation. If a person is threatened or physically forced into a sexual situation, they are not able to provide true consent. Similarly, if fraud is employed to deceive the individual, the resulting agreement cannot be regarded as valid consent.

The ethical and legal understanding of consent emphasizes that it must be clear and affirmative, and any involvement of force or deceit undermines that principle, rendering the consent void. This aligns with foundational principles of sexual violence law, which prioritize the need for voluntary agreement in intimate situations.