Under what condition does the Criminal Code allow officers to seize items without a warrant?

The correct answer is grounded in the legal principle that officers can seize items without a warrant if they have reasonable grounds to believe that the items are connected to a crime and they are lawfully present at the location where the items are found. This provision is designed to balance the necessity of law enforcement to act when they have relevant evidence against the rights of individuals to be free from arbitrary searches.

When officers are in a legally permissible position—such as during the execution of their duties in a public space or while responding to a situation—they are able to seize items that they can reasonably conclude are linked to criminal activity. This supports efficiency in law enforcement by allowing officers to act promptly on evidence they encounter, thus helping to prevent the destruction or loss of that evidence.

This principle underscores the importance of the "plain view" doctrine, where officers can take possession of evidence without a warrant if it is obvious that the item is evidence of a crime and they are lawfully present to see it. The emphasis is on the connection to criminality and the lawful presence of the officer, which are critical for the legality of any seizure made.